The AAFP recommends one-time screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) by ultrasonography in men aged 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked.
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf05/aaascr/aaars.htm#clinical
A-E: Recommendations for Clinical Preventive Services
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
The AAFP makes no recommendation for or against screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in men aged 65 to 75 years who have never smoked.
Clinical Consideration: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf05/aaascr/aaars.htm#clinical
Clinical Consideration: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf05/aaascr/aaars.htm#clinical
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
The AAFP recommends against routine screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in women.
Clinical Consideration: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf05/aaascr/aaars.htm#clinical
Clinical Consideration: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf05/aaascr/aaars.htm#clinical
Accidental injury
The AAFP recommends counseling all parents and patients more than 2 years old regarding accidental injury prevention including, as appropriate: child safety seats, lap and shoulder belt use, bicycle safety, motorcycle helmet use, smoke detectors, poison control center number, and driving while intoxicated.
Alcohol Misuse
The AAFP recommends screening and behavioral counseling interventions to reduce alcohol misuse by adults, including pregnant women, in primary care settings.
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsdrin.htm
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsdrin.htm
Alcohol Misuse
The AAFP recognizes avoidance of alcohol products by adolescents is desirable. The effectiveness of physician's advice and counseling in this area is uncertain.
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsdrin.htm
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsdrin.htm
Bacteriuria, Asymptomatic
The AAFP strongly recommends screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria with urine culture for pregnant women at 12 to 16 weeks’ gestation or at the first prenatal visit, if later.
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/asymptbact/asbactrs.htm#clinical
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/asymptbact/asbactrs.htm#clinical
Bacteriuria, Asymptomatic
The AAFP recommends against screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in men and nonpregnant women.
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/asymptbact/asbactrs.htm#clinical
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/asymptbact/asbactrs.htm#clinical
Bacterial Vaginosis
The AAFP recommends against screening for bacterial vaginosis in asymptomatic pregnant women at low risk for preterm delivery.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/bv/bvrs.htm#clinical
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/bv/bvrs.htm#clinical
Bacterial Vaginosis
The AAFP concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for bacterial vaginosis in asymptomatic pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery.
Clinical Considerations: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/bv/bvrs.htm#clinical
Clinical Considerations: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/bv/bvrs.htm#clinical
Bladder Cancer
The AAFP recommends against routine screening for bladder cancer in adults.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsblad.htm
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsblad.htm
Breast Cancer
The AAFP recommends women age 40 years and older be screened for breast cancer with mammography every 1-2 years after counseling by their family physician regarding the potential risks and benefits of the procedure.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsbrca.htm
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsbrca.htm
Breast Cancer
The AAFP concludes that the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against teaching or performing routine breast self-examination (BSE).
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsbrca.htm
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsbrca.htm
Breast Cancer/BRCA Mutation Testing
The AAFP recommends that women whose family history is associated with an increased risk for deleterious mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes be referred for genetic counseling and evaluation for BRCA testing.
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf05/brcagen/brcagenrs.htm#clinical
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf05/brcagen/brcagenrs.htm#clinical
Breast Cancer/BRCA Mutation Testing
The AAFP recommends against routine referral for genetic counseling or routine breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) testing for women whose family history is not associated with increased risk for deleterious mutations in breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) or breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2).
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf05/brcagen/brcagenrs.htm#clinical
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf05/brcagen/brcagenrs.htm#clinical
Breastfeeding
The AAFP recommends structured breastfeeding education and behavioral counseling programs to promote breastfeeding.
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsbrfd.htm
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsbrfd.htm
Breastfeeding
The AAFP recognizes breastfeeding is desirable. The effectiveness of physician's advice and counseling in this area is uncertain.
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsbrfd.htm
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsbrfd.htm
Cardiac Disease
The AAFP recommends against the use of routine ECG as part of a periodic health or preparticipation physical exam for cardiac disease in asymptomatic children and adults.
Carotid Artery Stenosis
The AAFP recommends against screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (CAS) in general adult populations.
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf07/cas/casrs/htm#clinical
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf07/cas/casrs/htm#clinical
Cervical Cancer
The AAFP concludes that there is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine use of new technologies to screen for cervical cancer.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/cervcan/cervcanrr.htm#clinical
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/cervcan/cervcanrr.htm#clinical
Cervical Cancer
The AAFP concludes that there is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine use of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as a primary screening test for cervical cancer.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/cervcan/cervcanrr.htm#clinical
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/cervcan/cervcanrr.htm#clinical
Cervical Cancer
The AAFP strongly recommends that a Pap smear be completed at least every 3 years to screen for cervical cancer for women who have ever had sex and have a cervix.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/cervcan/cervcanrr.htm#clinical
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/cervcan/cervcanrr.htm#clinical
Chlamydia
The AAFP strongly recommends screening for chlamydial infection for all sexually active non-pregnant young women aged 24 and younger and for older non-pregnant women who are at increased risk.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf07/chlamydia/chlamydiars.htm#clinicial
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf07/chlamydia/chlamydiars.htm#clinicial
Chlamydia
The AAFP recommends screening for chlamydial infection for all pregnant women aged 24 and younger and for older pregnant women who are at increased risk.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf07/chlamydia/chlamydiars.htm#clinicial
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf07/chlamydia/chlamydiars.htm#clinicial
Chlamydia
The AAFP concludes that there is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine screening of asymptomatic men for chlamydial infection.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/ajpmsuppl/chlarr.htm#section2
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/ajpmsuppl/chlarr.htm#section2
Chlamydia
The AAFP recommends screening all asymptomatic pregnant females age 25 years or younger and other women at increased risk for chlamydia infection.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/ajpmsuppl/chlarr.htm#section2
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/ajpmsuppl/chlarr.htm#section2
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
The AAFP recommends against screening asymptomatic adults for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using spiromtery.
Clinical Consideration: http://ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/copd/copdrs.htm#clinical
Clinical Consideration: http://ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/copd/copdrs.htm#clinical
Colorectal Cancer
The AAFP strongly recommends that clinicians screen men and women 50 years of age or older for colorectal cancer.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/colorectal/colorr.htm#clinical
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/colorectal/colorr.htm#clinical
Colorectal Cancer
The AAFP recommends against the routine use of aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to prevent colorectal cancer in individuals at average risk for colorectal cancer.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf07/aspcolo/aspcolors.htm#clinical
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf07/aspcolo/aspcolors.htm#clinical
Congenital Hypothyroidism
The AAFP strongly recommends screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in newborns.
Clinical Considerations: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/conhypo/conhyprs.htm#clinical
Clinical Considerations: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/conhypo/conhyprs.htm#clinical
Congenital rubella syndrome
The AAFP recommends screening for congenital rubella syndrome by assuring rubella immunity by history, serology, or vaccination in women of childbearing potential.
Coronary Heart Disease
The AAFP strongly recommends counseling adults at increased risk for coronary heart disease regarding the benefits and risks of aspirin prophylaxis.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsasmi.htm
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsasmi.htm
Coronary Heart Disease
The AAFP recommends against routine screening with resting electrocardiography (ECG), exercise treadmill test (ETT), or electron-beam computerized tomography (EBCT) scanning for coronary calcium for either the presence of severe coronary artery stenosis (CAS) or the prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) events in adults at low risk for CHD events.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsacad.htm
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsacad.htm
Coronary Heart Disease
The AAFP found insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine screening with electrocardiography (ECG), exercise treadmill test (ETT), electronbeam computerized tomography (EBCT) scanning for coronary calcium for either the presence of severe coronary artery stenosis (CAS) or the prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) events in adults at increased risk for CHD events.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsacad.htm
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsacad.htm
Dental Caries
The AAFP strongly recommends ordering fluoride supplementation to prevent dental caries based on age and fluoride concentration of patient’s water supply for infants and children age 6 months through 16 years residing in areas with inadequate fluoride in the water supply (less than 0.6 ppm).
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsdnch.htm
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsdnch.htm
Depression
The AAFP recommends screening adults for depression.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/depression/depressrr.htm#clinical
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/depression/depressrr.htm#clinical
Depression
The AAFP concludes that there is insufficient evidence on which to make a recommendation for or against routine screening of children or adolescents for depression.
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/depression/depressrr.htm#clinical
Clinical Considerations: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/depression/depressrr.htm#clinical
Diabetes, Type 2
The AAFP recommends screening for type 2 diabetes in asymptomatic adults with sustained blood pressure (either treated or untreated) greater than 135/80 mm Hg.
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/type2/type2rs.htm#clinical
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/type2/type2rs.htm#clinical
Diabetes, Type 2
The AAFP concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for type 2 diabetes in asymptomatic adults with blood pressure of 135/80 mm Hg or lower.
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/type2/type2rs.htm#clinical
Clinical Consideration: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/type2/type2rs.htm#clinical
Diphtheria
The AAFP strongly recommends immunizing all children for diphtheria using AAFP recommendations unless contraindicated.
Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule
Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule
Diptheria
The AAFP strongly recommends immunizing adults for diphtheria by completing Td vaccine series if they haven’t received primary series. Boosters every 10 years or at least at age 50.
Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule
Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule
Dysplasia (Developmental) of the Hip in Infants
The AAFP concludes that the evidence is insufficient to recommend routine screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants as a means to prevent adverse outcomes.
Clinical Considerations: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf06/hipdysp/hipdysrs.htm#clinical
Clinical Considerations: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf06/hipdysp/hipdysrs.htm#clinical
Clinical Preventive Services
AAFP Summary of Recommendations for Clinical Preventive Services Tool
A-E
Clinical Preventive Services (*PDF file)
(*PDF file. About PDFs)
